{"id":9818,"date":"2025-05-15T07:42:01","date_gmt":"2025-05-15T05:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lecompagnonrouge.fr\/?p=9818"},"modified":"2025-05-24T18:34:06","modified_gmt":"2025-05-24T16:34:06","slug":"ailanthus-altissima-ailante","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lecompagnonrouge.fr\/?p=9818","title":{"rendered":"Ailanthus altissima. Ailante"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ailanthus altissima est un grand arbre dio\u00efque<\/a>, plus grand que le H\u00eatre<\/a>, introduit d’Asie, et pr\u00e9sentant une \u00e9corce grise.
Reconnaissable notamment par ses feuilles imparipenn\u00e9es<\/a>, dont les folioles<\/a> pr\u00e9sentent une dent large \u00e0 la base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa fructification pr\u00e9sente une grande grappe de samares, avec la graine vers le milieu-tiers terminal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ailanthus<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Risque de confusion notamment dans le sud de l’Hexagone:
Rhus tiphyna pr\u00e9sente des feuilles \u00e0 folioles r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement dent\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MORPHOGENESE:
La morphog\u00e9n\u00e8se est dite en Kwan-Koriba, ou Koriba. Structure articul\u00e9e \u00e0 phyllotaxie spiral\u00e9e. La croissance se fait par relais. Tout d’abord la plante montre une s\u00e9rie de branches ayant une tendance \u00e0 se porter un peu \u00e0 l’horizontale. Parmi celles ci, une va prendre de la vigueur et se redresser. Elle aura valeur de tronc. Les autres resteront \u00e0 l’horizontale, ou auront tendance \u00e0 basculer encore un peu plus \u00e0 l’horizontale. Celle qui a valeur de tronc va donner naissance \u00e0 des branches, lesquelles auront tendance \u00e0 se porter un peu \u00e0 l’horizontale. Parmi ces branches, une va prendre de la vigueur et prendre valeur de tronc \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origine et position taxonomique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Asie orientale (jusqu’en Australie)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sapindales<\/a>>Simabouraceae<\/a>>Ailanthus<\/a> altissima<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecologie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

EEE
L’arbre semble impactant<\/a> en plusieurs endroits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce qu’il ne faut surtout pas faire, c’est tenter de l’abattre. Il va alors produire des stolons et lancer de nombreux troncs (vraiment!!!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sa suppression notamment en ville, o\u00f9 dans des zones de passages, est probl\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est un cas o\u00f9 malehureusement des d\u00e9sherbants puissants risqueraient d’\u00eatre requis. A moins de le laisser vivre sa vie, qu’il a d’ailleurs plut\u00f4t courte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En dehors de ce cas, la proc\u00e9dure consiste \u00e0 produire ce que l’on appelle un cerclage.
Attention sa s\u00e8ve est irritante et impose un \u00e9quipement adapt\u00e9.
Le cerclage consiste \u00e0 enlever assez pr\u00e8s du sol une bande d’\u00e9corce jusqu’\u00e0 l’aubier. cette bande fait 15 cm de large au moins et fait le tour du tronc. Cela se fait en hiver avant la mise \u00e0 feuilles
explication: la s\u00e8ve \u00e9labor\u00e9e ne parvient plus aux racines, cependant que le houppier reste aliment\u00e9 en eau. L’arbre ne stresse pas, ne produit donc pas de stolons. Il est cens\u00e9 dess\u00e9cher en quelques ann\u00e9es, et tomber petit \u00e0 petit, ou encore par gros morceaux \u2026 Proc\u00e9dure longue extr\u00eamement efficace, semble t’il mais impossible \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 des humains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HABITAT
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bords de routes et lisi\u00e8res, voies ferr\u00e9es et friches, fourr\u00e9s<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bois caducifoli\u00e9s planitiaires-collin\u00e9ens, eutrophiles . \u03c3A Robinio pseudoacaciae – Ulmion minoris Julve 1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Associations arborescentes climaciques des for\u00eats caducifoli\u00e9es de l’Asie orientale continentale, temp\u00e9r\u00e9e modale. Quercetea mongolicae Song 1988 ex Krestov, Song, Nakamura & Verkholat 2006
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ECONOMIE
Introduit \u00e0 partir des XVIII et XIX \u00e8me si\u00e8cles, il fut d’abord peu appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 comme arbre d’ornement. On le trouve comme arbre d’alignement \u00e0 Paris. Mais surtout tr\u00e8s fortement spontan\u00e9 dans l’Est Parisien.
On a tent\u00e9 sans trop de succ\u00e8s d’utiliser ses feuilles pour tirer une soie gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la chenille d’un papillon diff\u00e9rent du vers \u00e0 soie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’arbre pousse vite, poss\u00e8de un bois \u00ab\u00a0tendre\u00a0\u00bb. Il est fragile, mais semble parfois appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 dans l’est parisien, o\u00f9 il est alors entretenu par la taille (mon chapeau aux \u00e9lagueurs et \u00e0 leurs yeux qui ne g\u00e8lent pas).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ailanthus<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ailanthus altissima est un grand arbre dio\u00efque, plus grand que le H\u00eatre, introduit d’Asie, et pr\u00e9sentant une \u00e9corce grise.Reconnaissable notamment par ses feuilles imparipenn\u00e9es, dont les folioles pr\u00e9sentent une dent large \u00e0 la base. Sa fructification pr\u00e9sente une grande grappe de samares, avec la graine vers le milieu-tiers terminal. Risque de confusion notamment dans le…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9819,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1158,1157],"tags":[1156],"class_list":["post-9818","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ailanthus-altissima","category-simabouraceae","tag-ailante"],"yoast_head":"\nAilanthus altissima. 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