{"id":9309,"date":"2025-04-06T15:23:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-06T13:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lecompagnonrouge.fr\/?p=9309"},"modified":"2025-10-12T15:07:42","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T13:07:42","slug":"bromus-catharticus-brome-purgatif","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lecompagnonrouge.fr\/?p=9309","title":{"rendered":"Ceratochloa cathartica. Brome purgatif"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

El\u00e9ments de description de Ceratochloa cathartica <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les plantes du genre\/de la section ceratochloa se distinguent des autres bromes par des \u00e9pillets vraiment tr\u00e8s aplatis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Noter que dans cette section ceratochloa, Bromus carinatus (non \u00e9chapp\u00e9e de culture dans l’Hexagone mais en Belgique en tous cas) se distingue de Bromus sitchensis comme de Bromus catharticus par un port plus raide, \u00e0 panicule non retombante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bromus catharticus se distingue de B. sitchensis par des \u00e9pillets plus courts (ce dernier a les plus longs des 3 \u00e9voqu\u00e9s sur cette fiche), et des nervures sur la lemme nettement visible \u00e0 l’oeil nu<\/strong> quand elles sont plus difficiles \u00e0 voir chez le second, le brome de Californie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La taille des arr\u00eates donn\u00e9es comme plus courtes chez le brome purgatif que chez le Brome de californie: ce n’est valable que pour les plantes pr\u00e9sentes dans l’Hexagone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Un autre brome est par ailleurs susceptible d’\u00eatre pr\u00e9sent mais alors tr\u00e8s anecdotiquement: il ne s’\u00e9chappe en principe pas des cultures. Il est tr\u00e8s ressemblant du Brome de Californie, Bormus sitchensis. Il s’agit de Bromus polyantha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L’indice principal pour d\u00e9terminer ce brome est que la pal\u00e9ole est beaucoup plus courte que la lemme<\/a> (hauteur maximum de 75% de la lemme)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Origine et position taxonomique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ceratochloa cathartica = Bromus catharticus. Mais \u00e9galement discut\u00e9 : Ceratochloa cathartica = Bromus unioloides (=Bromus willdenowii).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jauzein d\u00e9crit ce brome sous le genre Bromus, renvoyant \u00e0 un sous genre ceratochloa. Pour plusieurs raisons. La raison biologique: la possibilit\u00e9 d’hybridations entre les sous-genres du genre Bromus donnant des hybrides st\u00e9riles … Esp\u00e8ces pas totalement proches ni totalement lointaines mais ne justifiant a priori pas un genre diff\u00e9rent. La section ceratochloa semble pouvoir \u00eatre celle qui s’est s\u00e9par\u00e9e la premi\u00e8re pour former le genre Bromus (\u00e0 moins qu’il ne s’agisse de la section \u00e9ponyme).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La plupart des sections du genre Bromus semblent appara\u00eetre bien s\u00e9par\u00e9es. Tout le genre Bromus appara\u00eet monophyl\u00e9tique. Et distinct du genre soeur Triticum. L’usage \u00e0 l’international semble pr\u00e9f\u00e9rer Bromus \u00e0 Ceratochloa … Cependant il appara\u00eet que les esp\u00e8ces au sein de ce genre sont paraphyl\u00e9tiques. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce brome est originaire d’Am\u00e9rique du sud. Au nord de ce continent d’autres bromes de la section ceratochloa, fertiles bien heureusement pour eux, lesquels seraient introgress\u00e9s par des plantes du sous genre festucaria (soit de la section pnigma repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sur ce site par Bromus erectus<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Poales<\/a>>Poaceae<\/a>>Groupe des Bromes au sens large<\/a>: panicule \u00e9tal\u00e9e, parfois contract\u00e9e avec au moins un rameau un peu long> \u00e9pillets souvent denses et en tous cas grands et termin\u00e9es par une arr\u00eate>Ceratochloa<\/a> cathartica<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecologie <\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dans l\u2019ensemble, les Poaceae provoqueraient des pollinoses. Les poaceae forment un groupe qui semble particuli\u00e8rement complexe en raison de la taille de ce groupe pour les allergologues. Ceratochloa cathartica: pollen allergisant?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

EEE?<\/mark><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Plante surveill\u00e9e en Nouvelle Aquitaine. Class\u00e9e comme invasive potentielle; i.e: formant d’importantes colonies dans les zones rud\u00e9ralis\u00e9es. Seulement dans celles-ci.<\/mark> Idem r\u00e9gion Bretagne (non en Manche, non en Pays de la Loire (cf: Conservatoire national botanique de Bretagne)<\/mark>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

HABITAT:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Friches vivaces rud\u00e9rales pionni\u00e8res, m\u00e9sox\u00e9rophiles \u00e0 m\u00e9sohydriques, m\u00e9dio-europ\u00e9ennes. Elytrigietalia intermedio – repentis Oberdorfer, G\u00f6rs, Korneck, Lohmeyer, M\u00fcller, Philippi & Seibert 1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Economie<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Plante introduite accidentellement fin XIX \u00e8me puis premier tiers du XX \u00e8me comme fourrage. Utilis\u00e9e comme couvre sol dans les vergers. Appr\u00e9ci\u00e9e pour sa pr\u00e9cocit\u00e9 et sa bonne capacit\u00e9 de couvertures des sols. Elle n’est donn\u00e9e en fourrage qu’en vert mais peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre ensil\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Foto ci \u00cele-Saint-Denis. 31\/03\/2025<\/p>\n\n\n\t\t\n <\/div>\n ","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

El\u00e9ments de description de Ceratochloa cathartica Les plantes du genre\/de la section ceratochloa se distinguent des autres bromes par des \u00e9pillets vraiment tr\u00e8s aplatis. Noter que dans cette section ceratochloa, Bromus carinatus (non \u00e9chapp\u00e9e de culture dans l’Hexagone mais en Belgique en tous cas) se distingue de Bromus sitchensis comme de Bromus catharticus par un…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9312,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1125,306],"tags":[1123],"class_list":["post-9309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bromus-catharticus","category-poaceae","tag-brome-purgatif"],"yoast_head":"\nCeratochloa cathartica. 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