{"id":5593,"date":"2024-02-19T15:49:48","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T14:49:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lecompagnonrouge.fr\/?p=5593"},"modified":"2024-04-07T12:30:30","modified_gmt":"2024-04-07T10:30:30","slug":"xanthoria-parietina-subsp-parietina-parmelie-des-murailles-symbiote-lichen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lecompagnonrouge.fr\/?p=5593","title":{"rendered":"Xanthoria parietina subsp. parietina. Parm\u00e9lie des murailles (Symbiote: Lichen)."},"content":{"rendered":"\n

-> Xanthoria parietina: lichen foliac\u00e9e jaune. r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019association d\u2019un ascomyc\u00e8te et d’un organisme algal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

El\u00e9ments de description<\/strong>:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ce lichen est tr\u00e8s courant. Tr\u00e8s facile \u00e0 approcher (cf: \u00e9cologie plus bas dans le texte). Photographi\u00e9 sur Orme (\u00e0 priori Ulmus minor<\/a>) au Parc des Beaumonts, \u00e0 Montreuil (environ 113 m d’altitude). Vu le 19\/02\/2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thalle* assez grand ( de 2 \u00e0 10\/15 cm de diam\u00e8tre) bien accroch\u00e9 au substrat, de couleur jaune orang\u00e9, et verd\u00e2tre \u00e0 l’ombre. Les lobes un peu mou font jusqu’\u00e0 7 mm de large. Ils sont appliqu\u00e9s au substrat, sauf le bord. Ce lichen pr\u00e9sente des apoth\u00e9cies* nombreuses au centre. Le disque des apoth\u00e9cies est orang\u00e9 (sur la photo, il para\u00eet jaune fonc\u00e9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La face inf\u00e9rieure est claire, presque blanche.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"face<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u00e9actif de substitution \u00e0 l’hypochlorite de potassium: Hydroxyde de sodium dilu\u00e9 \u00e0 environ 15%, on indique ce lichen rouge pourpre avec K. Avec l’hydroxyde de sodium, cela marche aussi (plus orang\u00e9). Ce r\u00e9actif a pour objet de mettre en valeur la pari\u00e9tine, produit notamment par les lichens du genre Xanthoria et qui est responsable de la couleur jaune orang\u00e9 du lichen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"r\u00e9actif<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chose curieuse et amusante, les cristaux de pari\u00e9tine sont produit dans le cortex, c’est \u00e0 dire dans le champignon. Ils ont pour effet de servir d’onguent solaire \u00e0 l’algue qui elle est situ\u00e9e \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur du corps du champignon, afin de la prot\u00e9ger de l’ardeur des rayons du soleil. Ce champignon est vraiment tr\u00e8s aimable. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

C’est pourquoi Xanthoria parietina est vert \u00e0 l’ombre, et jaune orang\u00e9 \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re. La pari\u00e9tine se trouve a priori produite par tout ou la majorit\u00e9 des symbiotes de l’ordre des Teloschistales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Face inf\u00e9rieure, sur ce thalle il y a des \u00ab\u00a0blocs\u00a0\u00bb d’o\u00f9 \u00e9mergent des rhizines:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

En correspondance avec la description de l’Association fran\u00e7aise de lich\u00e9nologie, on voit des rhizines dispers\u00e9es ailleurs (en dehors des blocs, donc), ici sur le bord:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"Rhizines\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

(SYMBIOTE) Teloschistales<\/a>>Teloschistaceae<\/a>>Xanthoria<\/a> parietina subsp. parietina<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ecologie<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Lichen corticole et saxicole. Notamment bords de route et vergers. Toujours en condition nitrophile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Xanthorion pariatinae<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ce type de lichen sans autres lichens tend \u00e0 indiquer une qualit\u00e9 de l’air m\u00e9diocre. Trop charg\u00e9 en Azote. L’azote atmosph\u00e9rique en zone urbaine ou pr\u00e8s des voies de circulation est enrichi avec les nitrates issus des moteurs thermiques. Cet azote, sous l’effet de la lumi\u00e8re du soleil (quand il fait beau) tend \u00e0 se transformer partiellement en ozone de basse altitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ici la position des lichens, sur des branches, \u00e9voque plut\u00f4t une part d’azote support\u00e9e par le lichen en provenance des fientes d’oiseaux que de l’air urbain. Mais sans surprise, \u00e9galement pr\u00e9sent sur le tronc:<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Pas d’autres lichens rencontr\u00e9s aux Beaumonts: POUR L’INSTANT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Vocabulo<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Thalle: cela d\u00e9signe le lichen en son entier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cortex: partie externe du lichen (dessus et dessous)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Apoth\u00e9cies: petites structures sur les lichens, souvent en forme de petite coupe, comme c’est le cas ici. Et qui contient le mat\u00e9riel reproductif. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rhizine: pour les lichens, il s’agit de sorte de poils, ressemblant \u00e0 des racines, \u00e9mergeant sur le ventre des lichens et dont la seule fonction est la fixation. Ces rhizines ne servent pas \u00e0 nourrir les lichens.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

-> Xanthoria parietina: lichen foliac\u00e9e jaune. r\u00e9sultant de l\u2019association d\u2019un ascomyc\u00e8te et d’un organisme algal. El\u00e9ments de description: Ce lichen est tr\u00e8s courant. Tr\u00e8s facile \u00e0 approcher (cf: \u00e9cologie plus bas dans le texte). Photographi\u00e9 sur Orme (\u00e0 priori Ulmus minor) au Parc des Beaumonts, \u00e0 Montreuil (environ 113 m d’altitude). Vu le 19\/02\/2024 Thalle*…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[895,896],"tags":[894],"class_list":["post-5593","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-teloschistaceae","category-xanthoria-parietina-subsp-parietina","tag-parmelie-des-murailles"],"yoast_head":"\nXanthoria parietina subsp. parietina. 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